監(jiān)測人體健康和運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)

　　高度微型化的傳感器系列，如壓電MEMS和光學(xué)傳感器，使人體監(jiān)測應(yīng)用的快速發(fā)展，借助高精度模擬和處理芯片，以及最新的IEEE 802.15.6無線體域網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)（禁止）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　簡介：市場增長引擎

　　2012，IEEE發(fā)布了無線體域網(wǎng)（BAN）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，IEEE 802.15.6，短距離無線通信”在附近，或在人體。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)特別規(guī)定了在人體組織中安全使用rf輻射的一些方面，如人體和性別之間的差異影響，以及對服務(wù)質(zhì)量的支持，使各種傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)流優(yōu)先化。這些，如低功耗，其他關(guān)鍵方面互不干涉的保證，安全性高，區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEEE 802.15.6禁止從個(gè)人區(qū)域網(wǎng)（PAN）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如藍(lán)牙、ZigBee??，和更適合去禁止應(yīng)用的廣度。

　　該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的出版應(yīng)該為許多新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用提供催化劑，如醫(yī)療保健、個(gè)人健康監(jiān)測和體育健身等。便攜式和可穿戴式測量生命體征，如心率、血壓和血糖的市場正在增長，這是由于微控制器等電子產(chǎn)品的成本下降，以及微型傳感器的開發(fā)，這些傳感器的舒適性和易用性。

　　最近，在微小的MEMS傳感器能夠檢測的線性和角運(yùn)動(dòng)，同時(shí)市場的到來，力/壓力和方向提供了機(jī)會，許多新類型的活動(dòng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備的應(yīng)用范圍從假肢控制運(yùn)動(dòng)性能監(jiān)測和運(yùn)動(dòng)安全。

　　Monitoring vital signs

　　Monitoring heart activity is a basic requirement in healthcare activities from initial patient assessment to ensuring safety during surgical procedures and managing life-support equipment. ECG machines have been used for many years in hospitals and doctors’ surgeries. More recently， portable， low-cost heart monitoring equipment has increased opportunities for home monitoring by patients， as well as athletic performance monitoring by sports people and enthusiasts. Cardiac activity can be detected by sensing electrical signals that are associated with the repeated depolarization and repolarization of the heart’s ventricles. These signals are sensed using electrodes， which may be attached at several points on the body such as the chest， arms， and legs to help improve accuracy by eliminating common-mode noise. In HRMs （heart-rate monitors） for sports applications， the sensor may be contained in a chest strap that can be worn easily without inhibiting movement. Analog Devices has a ready-to-use heart-rate monitor front-end IC （AD8232） and evaluation board （AD8232-EVALZ）， configured for applications that use three electrodes. Freescale supports development of HRM applications on its Kinetis or Flexis microcontrollers through its MED-EKG development board （Figure 1）， which plugs into the Freescale Tower System prototyping platform. This approach gives designers the choice of using a discrete instrumentation amplifier mounted on the board or taking advantage of microcontroller analog peripherals. Fingertip electrodes are provided on the board or， alternatively， low-cost external electrodes may be attached for greater accuracy.